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These systems are low pressure but high volume. Once the impeller primes, it can suck water in when the boat was on plane. However, if there are air leaks in the water tube gaskets or the hose that feeds the impeller the pump can lose prime and you can have overheating. The pressure of water against the water intakes at speed does pressurize the hose to the impeller to an extent.
So at idle you need the static line pressure created by the water level to get it to prime, on plane the pressure caused by water against the water intakes keeps it primed as long as there are no air leaks in the water intake system.
In the little test tank you don't have enough static water pressure. If you look a the test tanks boat companies use they are made to fit around the drive so the drive can be more submerged in the water to create the static pressure.
Alphas and Cobras push water from the drive forward so they are less prone to problems getting the pump to prime. Volvos and Bravos have to suck water all that way so they are more prone to air leaks causing suction problems.
Having replaced a thermostat on the water a few times I can tell you unless you either hold that hose up or plug it water will be forced in the boat due to the same static water pressure.
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88 Four Winns 200 Horizon
4.3 OMC Cobra-4bbl
2002 Walker Bay 10/2012 Suzuki 2.5
2008 Walker Bay 8
1998 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4.0/Selectrac
2007 Jeep Grand Cherokee 5.7 Hemi/Quadradrive II
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